Is Pakistan part of Arab culture or Indian culture: Read Justice Katju

Is Pakistan part of Arab culture or Indian culture ?

I submit it is part of Indian culture, and no amount of ‘Arabisation’ ( like calling the government ‘Madina ki riyaasat ) can undo this.

For instance, in large parts of our subcontinent we both speak the same language Hindustani, called Hindi in India and Urdu in Pakistan, though they are almost the same, and culture revolves mainly around language.

Urdu is an indigenous ( desi ) language, unlike Persian and Arabic which are foreign languages. Let me explain this. The verbs in Urdu ( called ‘kriya’ in Hindi and ‘feyl’ in Urdu ) are all in Hindustani or simple Hindi, the language of the common man ( Urdu being Persianised Hindustani and Hindi being Sanskritised Hindustani ). The nouns and adjectives in Urdu are often in Persian or Arabic, but it is the verb which determines to which language a sentence belongs, not the nouns or adjectives ( see my article ‘What is Urdu’ online and my talk on YouTube ). Since the verbs in Urdu are all in Hindustani, not Persian or Arabic, Urdu is an Indian language, being a special kind of Hindustani, and it is not a special kind of Persian or Arabic.

Urdu poetry is loved by both Indians and Pakistanis. Often members of parliaments of both India and Pakistan quote Urdu shers or couplets in their speeches, and mushairas are frequently held in both countries.

Take for instance the sher of the greatest Urdu poet Ghalib ( who lived in Delhi in India, not in Saudi Arabia ) :

Here the verbs ‘dekho’, ‘suno’, ‘hai’ are all in Hindustani.

Similarly one can take the shers of any Urdu poet and he will find the verbs invariably in Hindustani ( though the nouns and adjectives will often be in Persian or Arabic ). If the verb was in Persian, it would become a Persian couplet, not Urdu, and if it was in Arabic it would become an Arabic couplet. This proves that Urdu is an indigenous language of the Indian subcontinent, and is not a foreign language like Arabic. So how can Pakistani culture be part of Arabic culture ?

It is true that the Quran is in Arabic, and the namaz is recited in Arabic. But Latin was the language of the Church in Europe for centuries and church services were in Latin, including in France, England, Germany and Spain. Did that make those countries part of Italy ?

No doubt Hindus and Muslims have different religions, but for centuries they lived amicably, helping each other, and celebrating each other’s festivals. It was only the British divide and rule policy ( see ‘History in the service of imperialism’ by BN Pande online ) which artificially sowed the seeds of hatred in us, which resulted in Partition. Pakistan and India are really one nation, having the same culture, and were one since Mughal times. Partition was a historical British swindle, on the basis of the bogus two nation theory ( that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations ). We were temporarily divided, but are sure to peacefully and voluntarily reunite one day, like West and East Germany, under a secular government led by modern minded leaders, though that will take time.

Some say that Indians and Pakistanis hate each other. The truth is that this ‘hatred’ is artificially created by some vested interests. Whenever an Indian ( whether Hindu or Muslim ) goes to Pakistan he/she gets tremendous love and affection there, and the same happens when a Pakistani comes to India.

In fact India and Pakistan were one country from the time of Akbar, who had transferred the capital of the Mughal Empire from Agra to Lahore in 1585 ( because of the threat of the Uzbek ruler ), where he lived for 13 years.

Indians and Pakistanis have many similar food dishes ( biriyani etc ), attire ( like shalwar kameez and sari worn by ladies ), etc. The famous Pakistani singer Iqbal Bano wore a sari while singing the revolutionary song ‘Hum Dekhenge’ in 1985 in Lahore Stadium in protest against Gen Zia ul Haq’s repressive military rule. Indians and Pakistanis have the same classical music ( khyaal, thumri, qawwali, etc )

Indians and Pakistanis living abroad socialise and inter mix as if Partition had never taken place, and they often help each other. This I have personally noticed in my trips abroad.

Once I went to Paris with my wife, and while walking on Champs-Elysees saw two young men selling balloons. I thought they were Indians, and started talking with them in Hindustani. They replied in Hindustani, one was from Lahore, and the other from Faisalabad. They said they were selling balloons because they had to wait for another few months for their work permits, and had to earn some money in the meantime. They were so happy to see and talk to us, as if they had met someone from their own homeland, and they offered us cold drinks.

Once my wife and I had lost our way in Rome, and a Pakistani, seeing our plight spoke to us in Hindustani and told us not to worry. He then accompanied us on a bus all the way to our hotel ( although his own destination was in the opposite direction ).

Would any Arab have done this for us ? I doubt it. So does Pakistan belong to the Arabic culture or Indian culture ?